科普

　　标题：Newstudyrevealspowerfulpeoplerelyontheirgutmotorfeelingswhenmakingjudgments
　　作者：ROYALHOLLOWAY，UNIVERSITYOFLONDON
　　原文链接：http：www。eurekalert。orgpubreleases201510rhuonsr101315。php
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　　AnewseriesofstudiesbyacademicsatRoyalHolloway，UniversityofLondonandatUniversityofLondonCollegefoundthatpeoplewhohavesocialpowerarestronglyinfluencedbyinternalbodycuesstemmingfromtheirmotorsystemwhenmakingjudgementsaboutpreferencesofpaintings，objects，movementsorlettersequences。
　　Theresearch，whichwasrecentlypublishedintheJournalofExperimentalPsychology：Generallookedathowtheeasinessofhighpowerindividualsmotoractionsimpactedtheirjudgments。Thefindingsarebasedonfourexperimentsinwhichalmost400peopleparticipated。
　　Toillustrate，intheexperimentspeoplewroteaboutsituationsinwhichtheyhadpoweroversomeoneelseorinwhichsomeoneelsehadpoweroverthem。Eachexperimentthentargetedadifferentmotoraction。Forexample，oneexperimenttrainedpeoplesextraocularmusclesthemusclesthatmovetheeyestolaterseespecificmovementsofadotonascreen。Whentheeyemusclesweretrainedtoseethemovement（andthuswhenperceptionwaseasy），themovementwaslikedmorethanwhenthemuscleswerenottrainedtoseethemovement（andthuswhenperceptionwasmoredifficult）。However，thiswasonlythecaseforpeopleinthepowerfulgroup，notforpeopleinthepowerlessgroup：theylikedallmovementsequallywell。Inanotherexperimentpeoplehadtosayhowmuchtheylikeletterdyadsthataretypedwithtwofingersfromdifferenthands（e。g。，FJ）comparedtoletterdyadsthataretypedwiththesamefingerfromthesamehand（e。g。，FV）。Letterdyadstypedwithtwofingersfromdifferenthandsareeasiertotypeandpowerful，butnotpowerlessparticipantsindeedlikedthemmore。
　　DrKarlAndrewWoltinfromtheDepartmentofPsychologyatRoyalHolloway，wholedthesestudies，said：Thereismoreandmoreevidencethatthepowerfulmorestronglyrelyoninternalcueswhenmakingjudgments。Ourresearchshowsthisformotorcuesandpreferencejudgments，butotherresearchhasalsofoundthepowerfultomorestronglyrelyonotherinternalcues。Forexample，andfeelingsofeasinessordifficultyassociatedwithmemoryimpactsjudgmentsofpowerfulbutnotpowerlessindividuals。
　　Togetherwiththesefindings，ourresearchsuggeststhatthepowerfulmorestronglyrelyongutfeelingsandinternalcueswhentheymakejudgmentsaboutwhattheylike，whatistrue，andwhattheyshoulddo。Sometimesitisgoodtobeintouchwithyourfeelings。Butsometimesthiscanleadpeopleastrayandresultinsuboptimaljudgments。
　　DrWoltinandDrGuinote，theresearcherswhoranthesestudies，arguethatthisbiasofpowerholdershasmorefarreachingconsequencesthanpreviouslyconsidered。Weneedtomakesurethatthepowerholdersatvariouslevelsbeitinorganisationsorinpoliticsareawareofthispotentialbiassothattheycancounteractitifnecessary，saysDrGuinote。
　　DrWoltinconcluded：Ourfindingssuggestthatmechanismsneedtobeputintoplacethatmakesurepowerholdersdonotfavourinternalcuesoverotherinformationavailabletothemwhentheymakeimportantdecisions。