科普

　　标题：HowMemoryIsAffectedByThisCommonMentalHealthProblem
　　作者：DrJeremyDean
　　原文链接：http：www。spring。org。uk201510recurrentdepressionshrinksthispartofthebrain。php
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　　Thementalhealthproblemthataffectsatleastoneinsixpeopleintheirlifetime。
　　Peoplewithrecurrentdepressionhaveasmallerhippocampus，anewstudyfinds。
　　Thehippocampusispartofthebrainmoststronglylinkedtoformingnewmemories。
　　Thestudymayhelptoexplainsomeofthetypical，butlesserknownsymptomsofdepression。
　　Peopleexperiencingdepressionhaveparticularproblemswithdeclarativememory，whichisthememoryforspecificfactslikenamesorplaces。
　　Depressionblursothertypesofmemoryaswell，includingtheabilitytorecallmeaningsandtonavigatethroughspace。
　　Preciselybecauseofmemorydifficultiesanddepressedmood，itcanbedifficultfordepressedpeopletorememberthegoodtimes。
　　Thefindingsaboutthehippocampuscomefromastudywhichlookedatthebrainscansofalmost9，000peoplearoundtheworld。
　　Neuroscientistscomparedthebrainsofhealthyindividualswiththosewhohavemajordepression。
　　Majordepressionwillaffectatleastoneinsixpeopleintheirlifetime。
　　Theconditiontypicallyreturnsforweeks，monthsorevenyearsatatime。
　　Ahandfuloftheemotionalsymptomsincludesadness，anger，frustrationandloss。
　　Therearemanyotherlessknownsymptomslikesleepingproblemsandchangestoappetite。
　　DrJimLagopoulos，oneofthestudy’sauthors，said：
　　Thesefindingsshednewlightonbrainstructuresandpossiblemechanismsresponsiblefordepression。
　　Despiteintensiveresearchaimedatidentifyingbrainstructureslinkedtodepressioninrecentdecades，ourunderstandingofwhatcausesdepressionisstillrudimentary。
　　Onereasonforthishasbeenthelackofsufficientlylargestudies，variabilityinthediseaseandtreatmentsprovided，andthecomplexinteractionsbetweenclinicalcharacteristicsandbrainstructure。
　　DrLagopouloscontinued：
　　Thisnewfindingofsmallerhippocampalvolumeinpeoplewithmajordepressionmayoffersomesupporttotheneurotrophichypothesisofdepression。
　　Thishypothesisarguesthatarangeofneurobiologicalprocessessuchaselevatedglucocorticoidlevelsinthosewithchronicdepressionmayinducebrainshrinkage。
　　Clearly，there’saneedforlongitudinalstudiesthatcantrackchangesinhippocampalvolumeamongpeoplewithdepressionovertime，tobetterclarifywhetherhippocampalabnormalitiesresultfromprolongeddurationofchronicstress，orrepresentavulnerabilityfactorfordepression，orboth。
　　ThestudywaspublishedinthejournalMolecularPsychiatry（Schmaaletal。，2015）。