亨利福特美文的背诵与翻译

　　HenryFord
　　AlthoughHenryFord’snameiscloselyassociatedwiththeconceptofmassproduction，heshouldreceiveequalcreditforintroducinglaborpracticesasearlyas1913thatwouldbeconsideredadvancedevenbytoday’sstandards。Safetymeasureswereimproved，andtheworkdaywasreducedtoeighthours，comparedwiththetenortwelvehourdaycommonatthetime。Inordertoaccommodatetheshorterworkday，theentirefactorywasconvertedfromtwotothreeshifts。Inaddition，sickleavesaswellasimprovedmedicalcareforthoseinjuredonthejobwereinstituted。TheFordMotorCompanywasoneofthefirstfactoriestodevelopatechnicalschooltotrainspecializedskilledlaborersandanEnglishlanguageschoolforimmigrants。Someeffortswereevenmadetohirethehandicappedandprovidejobsforformerconvicts。Themostwidelyacclaimedinnovationwasthefivedollaradayminimumwagethatwasofferedinordertorecruitandretainthebestmechanicsandtodiscouragethegrowthoflaborunions。Fordexplainedthenewwagepolicyintermsofefficiencyandprofitsharing。Healsomentionedthefactthathisemployeeswouldbeabletopurchasetheautomobilesthattheyproducedineffectcreatingamarketfortheproduct。Inordertoqualifyfortheminimumwage，anemployeehadtoestablishadecenthomeanddemonstrategoodpersonalhabits，includingsobriety，thriftiness，industriousness，anddependability。AlthoughsomecriticismwasdirectedatFordforinvolvinghimselftoomuchinthepersonallivesofhisemployees，therecanbenodoubtthat，atatimewhenimmigrantswerebeingtakenadvantageofinfrightfulways，HenryFordwashelpingmanypeopletoestablishthemselvesinAmerica。
　　尽管亨利福特的名字和大生产的概念相连，但他在劳工保护上得到同样的赞誉，因为他早在1913年便实行了用今天的标准来衡量依然是先进的标准。安全措施得到改进，日工作时间从当时普遍的10或12小时减少到8小时。为了适应更短的日工作时间，整个工厂从双班变成了三班。而且，病假和改善了的。工伤医疗得以制度化。福特汽车公司是最早建立技术学校来培训专门技工和为移民开设英语学校的工厂之一。公司甚至为雇佣残疾人和有前科的人而作出了一些努力。最受广泛称赞的革新是实行五美元一天的最低工资。其目的是招收和留住那些最好的技工并阻碍工会的发展。福特从效率和利润分享的角度来解释这项新的工资政策。他也提到这样一个事实，他的员工可以买他们生产的汽车这实际上是为其产品另开辟了一个市场。为了够资格得到最低工资，员工必须建立一个得体的家庭并显示出良好的个人习惯，包括节制、俭省、勤勉和可靠。虽然有人批评福特过多地干涉了员工的私人生活，但毫无疑问，在移民们被用恶劣的方式剥削的时代，亨利福特却帮助了许多人在美国扎下根来。