原文: OfAdversity(论厄运) ItwasanhighspeechofSeneca(afterthemanneroftheStoics),thatthegoodthings,whichbelongtoprosperity,aretobewished;butthegoodthings,thatbelongtoadversity,aretobeadmired。Bonarerumsecundarumoptabilia;adversarummirabilia。Certainlyifmiraclesbethecommandovernature,theyappearmostinadversity。Itisyetahigherspeechofhis,thantheother(muchtoohighforaheathen),Itistruegreatness,tohaveinonethefrailtyofaman,andthesecurityofaGod。Veremagnumhaberefragilitatemhominis,securitatemDei。Thiswouldhavedonebetterinpoesy,wheretranscendencesaremoreallowed。Andthepoetsindeedhavebeenbusywithit;foritisineffectthething,whichfiguredinthatstrangefictionoftheancientpoets,whichseemethnottobewithoutmystery;nay,andtohavesomeapproachtothestateofaChristian;thatHercules,whenhewenttounbindPrometheus(bywhomhumannatureisrepresented),sailedthelengthofthegreatocean,inanearthenpotorpitcher;livelydescribingChristianresolution,thatsailethinthefrailbarkoftheflesh,throughthewavesoftheworld。Buttospeakinamean。Thevirtueofprosperity,istemperance;thevirtueofadversity,isfortitude;whichinmoralsisthemoreheroicalvirtue。ProsperityistheblessingoftheOldTestament;adversityistheblessingoftheNew;whichcarrieththegreaterbenediction,andtheclearerrevelationofGod’sfavor。YetevenintheOldTestament,ifyoulistentoDavid’sharp,youshallhearasmanyhearselikeairsascarols;andthepenciloftheHolyGhosthathlaboredmoreindescribingtheafflictionsofJob,thanthefelicitiesofSolomon。Prosperityisnotwithoutmanyfearsanddistastes;andadversityisnotwithoutcomfortsandhopes。Weseeinneedleworksandembroideries,itismorepleasingtohavealivelywork,uponasadandsolemnground,thantohaveadarkandmelancholywork,uponalightsomeground:judgethereforeofthepleasureoftheheart,bythepleasureoftheeye。Certainlyvirtueislikepreciousodors,mostfragrantwhentheyareincensed,orcrushed:forprosperitydothbestdiscovervice,butadversitydothbestdiscovervirtue。 译文: 好的运气令人羡慕,而战胜厄运则更令人惊叹。这是塞尼卡得之于斯多葛派哲学的名言。确实如此,超越自然的奇迹,总是在对厄运的征服中出现的。塞尼卡又曾说:真正的伟人,是像神那样无所畏惧的凡人。这是一句宛如诗一样美的。妙语。古代诗人在他们的神话中曾描写过:当赫克里斯去解救普罗米修斯的时候,他是坐在一个瓦盆里飘洋过海的。这个故事其实正是对于人生的象征:因为每一个基督徒也正是架着血肉之躯的轻舟,横渡波涛翻滚的生活之海的。幸运所需要的美德是节制,而厄运所需要的美德是坚忍;后者比前者更为难能可贵。《圣经》的《旧约》启示给人们以幸福,而《新约》则启示人们通过战胜苦难去获取幸福。在圣诗中,哀歌是与颂歌相伴的,而圣灵对约伯所受苦难的刻画比对所罗门财富的刻画要更动人。一切幸运都并非没有烦恼,而一切厄运也决非没有希望。最美的刺绣,是以明丽的花朵映衬于暗淡的背景,而绝不是以暗淡的花朵映衬于明丽的背景。从这图象中去汲取启示吧。人的美德犹如名贵的香料,在烈火焚烧中散发出最浓郁的芳香。正如恶劣的品质可以在幸运中暴露一样,最美好的品质也正是在厄运中被显示的。